ADHD linked to nearly 50% higher risk of gut problems, study finds
The largest review of its kind, led by the University of Warwick, analysed data from 1.9 million people across 23 studies and found that people with ADHD are up to 50% more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation and IBS. The findings, published in the Journal of Attention Disorders, suggest clinicians should consider gut health when treating ADHD patients.
Bottom line — Warwick meta-analysis of 1.9 million people found nearly double the odds of constipation and a 58% increase in IBS for those with ADHD.
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- Researchers from the University of Warwick reviewed data from over 1.9 million people across 23 studies, covering participants from the US, Sweden, Germany and South Korea, aged 2 to 65, per the press release.
- The study found ADHD was associated with an almost 50% increase in overall gastrointestinal symptoms compared to people without ADHD, with specific conditions showing even stronger links.
- Odds of constipation were nearly doubled, irritable bowel syndrome was 58% more likely, and encopresis (loss of bowel control) was more than four times as common, the paper in the Journal of Attention Disorders reports.
- Co-lead author Sarah Blake, a medical student at Warwick Medical School, said gut symptoms 'could easily be overlooked if the focus is on ADHD itself', according to the university.
- Possible explanations outlined in the study include ADHD-related traits like impulsivity and irregular eating, side effects of ADHD medications such as constipation, and differences in gut bacteria affecting the gut-brain axis via the vagus nerve.
- Dr. Saran Shantikumar, Associate Clinical Professor at Warwick, stressed the findings show an association, not proof of causation, and called for further research to separate biological factors from medication effects.
- An estimated 5% of children and 3–4% of adults have ADHD worldwide, with diagnosis rates rising sharply over the past 40 years, the researchers noted.